Cov nres nres yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub cim nres, uas ua yeeb yam zoo ntawm ncoo yog tus tiv thaiv cov neeg thiab tsheb (dav hlau).
Ua ntej, lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nres
Hauv 1897, Herbertfrood tau tsim tus thawj lub tsom iav (siv xov paj rwb uas tau siv rau hauv cov tsheb ciav hlau nees thiab cov tsheb thaum ntxov, los ntawm lub tuam txhab ntiaj teb ferodo lub tuam txhab tau tsim. Tom qab ntawd hauv xyoo 1909, lub tuam txhab tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj zaug swm tshaj plaws asbestos-raws lub ncoo nres; Xyoo 1968, lub ntiaj teb thawj lub Semi-hlau-raws li nres PADS tau tsim, thiab txij li thaum ntawd, kev txhuam khoom los tsim mus rau asbestos-dawb. Nyob hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws pib kawm ntau yam Asbestos hloov cov roj av xws li cov fiber ntau, aramid fiber ntau, carbon fiber thiab lwm yam kev siv hauv cov khoom sib txhuam.
Thib ob, kev faib tawm ntawm cov nres nres
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los cais cov khoom siv nres. Ib tug tau faib los ntawm kev siv cov koom haum. Xws li cov ntaub ntawv nres tsheb nres, cov tsheb ciav hlau nres thiab cov khoom nres nres. Txoj kev faib yog yooj yim thiab nkag siab yooj yim. Ib tug tau muab faib raws li cov hom khoom. Txoj kev qhia no yog kev tshawb fawb ntau dua. Cov ntaub ntawv nres nres tsheb niaj hnub no suav nrog peb cov khoom lag luam nres tsheb nres, cov khoom siv nres tsheb nres, cov hmoov av nres tsheb, cov roj carbon / carbon / carbon composite nres cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov roj carbon monoxide nres, cov pa roj carbon monoxide)
Thib peb, Cov Khoom Siv Nres Tsheb
1, hom tsheb ntawm cov khoom nres nres tsheb raws li cov khoom tsim khoom sib txawv. Nws tuaj yeem faib ua asbestos daim ntawv, semi-hlau daim ntawv lossis cov ntawv me me (asbestos dawb organic) thiab cov ntaub pua cab thiab cov cable.
1.1.asbestos daim ntawv
Txij thaum chiv keeb, Asbestos tau siv los ua cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv nres, yog li nws tuaj yeem ua kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nres thiab cov gaskets. Cov tshuaj fiber no muaj lub peev xwm muaj zog tensile muaj peev xwm, thiab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ntau dua ntawm 316 ° C. Dab tsi ntxiv, Asbestos yog tus tseem ceeb. Nws raug rho tawm los ntawm amphibole ore, uas pom nyob rau hauv ntau ntau ntau hauv ntau lub teb chaws. Asbestos cov khoom siv Asbestos, uas yog hydrated magnesium silicate (3Mmo-· 2H3o) raws li kev siv fiber. Ib tug muab tub lim rau kev hloov kho cov khoom sib txhuam tau ntxiv. Ib qho orgrix matrix sib xyaw ua ke cov khoom siv tau los ntawm nias cov nplaum hauv cov xovxwm kub pwm.
Ua ntej xyoo 1970. Asbestos hom scrications yog siv dav hauv lub ntiaj teb. Thiab tus thawj tau ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev hloov pauv cua sov tsis zoo ntawm Asbestos. Kev sib txhuam cua sov tsis tuaj yeem ua txhaum sai. Nws yuav ua rau cov thermal rho tawm txheej ntawm kev txhuam saum npoo kom tuab. Ua cov khoom hnav. Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawd. Dej siv lead ntawm Asbestos yog precipitated saum 400 ℃. Qhov kev sib txhuam cov khoom yog txo qis thiab cov hnav yog nce ntxiv thaum nws mus txog 550 ℃ lossis ntau dua. Cov dej siv lead ua ntau tau ploj mus. Txoj kev txhim kho yog kiag li ploj. Tseem ceeb dua. Nws yog cov pov thawj. Asbestos yog cov tshuaj uas muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau tib neeg ua pa ua pa. Lub Xya hli ntuj 1989. Tebchaws Asmeskas Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig (EPA) tshaj tawm tias nws yuav txwv tus ntshuam, chaw tsim khoom, thiab kev ua txhua yam asbestos los ntawm 1997.
1.2, Semi-Hlau Ntawv
Nws yog hom tshiab ntawm kev sib txhuam cov khoom tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv organic thiab ib txwm hmoov metallurgurgy sib txhuam. Nws siv cov hlau cov hmoov hlau hloov chaw ntawm asbestos fibers. Nws yog qhov tsis-asbestos sib txhuam tsim los ntawm American Bendis tuam txhab lub tuam txhab thaum xyoo 1970.
"Semi-hlau" Hybrid nres Pads (ib nrab ntsib) yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv hlau ntxhib raws li kev txhawb nqa fiber ntau thiab cov khoom sib xyaw tseem ceeb. Asbestos thiab tsis-asbestos agic ago ago nres pads (nao) tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov tsos (nplua fibers thiab hais), thiab lawv kuj muaj qee lub zog sib nqus.
Semi-Metallic txhuam cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
(l) ruaj khov hauv qab cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam. Tsis tsim cov thermal lwj. Zoo thermal ruaj khov;
(2) hnav kev tiv thaiv zoo. Cov kev pabcuam lub neej yog 3-5 zaug uas yog asbestos cov ntaub ntawv;
(3) Kev ua yeeb yam zoo nyob rau hauv siab load thiab ruaj ntseg txhuam me nyuam;
(4) Kev ua haujlwm zoo thermal zoo. Qhov ntsuas kub tau dav yog me me. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim nyog rau cov khoom lag luam disc me;
(5) Lub suab me me braking.
Tebchaws Asmeskas, Europe, Nyij Pooj thiab lwm lub teb chaws tau pib txhawb kev siv cov chaw loj hauv 1960s. Cov hnav tsis kam ntawm Semi-hlau daim ntawv yog ntau dua 25% siab dua li ntawm Asbestos daim ntawv. Ntawm tam sim no, nws ua haujlwm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua lag luam sab hauv Suav teb. Thiab feem ntau cov tsheb Asmeskas. Tshwj xeeb yog cov tsheb thiab cov neeg caij thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom. Semi-Hlau nres hauv ob sab phling tau suav rau ntau tshaj 80%.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom tseem muaj cov nram qab no luv luv:
(l) steel fiber yog yooj yim rau xeb, yooj yim rau lo lossis puas cov khub tom qab cov khoom yog txo qis tom qab xeb, thiab cov hnav yog nce;
(2) siab thermal conductivity, uas yog ib qho yooj yim los ua rau lub tsheb nres kom tsim cov roj ua kom kub thiab cov hlau phaj detachent:
(3) Hardness Siab yuav ua rau cov khoom siv dual, ua rau muaj kev sib tham thiab tsawg zaus braking nrov;
(4) siab ntom ntom.
Txawm hais tias "semi-hlau" tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg me, tab sis vim nws cov khoom lag luam zoo, nws tseem yog cov khoom siv uas zoo tshaj rau cov khoom lag luam nres.
1.3. Nao zaj duab xis
Thaum ntxov xyoo 1980s, muaj ntau yam ntawm hybrid fiber ntxiv txhawb asbestos-tsis muaj nres nres nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, yog, lub cim ntawm asbestos-dawb organic teeb meem organic muaj teeb meem nao hom nres. Nws lub hom phiaj yog ua kom muaj qhov tsis xws luag ntawm cov hlau fiber ntau ib leeg siv cov fiber ntau, cov fiber ntau, ceramic fiber ntau, cov fiber ntau, ntxhia fiber ntau thiab yog li ntawd. Vim tias ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm ntau cov fibers, cov fibers nyob rau hauv lub brake hauv ob sab hauv kev ua tau zoo, thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev tsim cov mis brising nrog kev ua tau zoo heev. Lub ntsiab kom zoo ntawm daim ntawv NAA yog kom tswj tau zoo braking nyhuv ntawm qis lossis siab ntev, thiab nthuav tawm lub suab nrov ntawm lub neej nres ntawm kev nthuav qhia kev sib txhuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev sib txhuam. Cov khoom sib txhuam siv los ntawm txhua lub ntiaj teb nto moo hom yog cov khoom siv eplodo orge asbestos-uas muaj peev xwm nres lub neej ntawm tus tsav tsheb, thiab ua kom lub neej zoo ntawm lub neej ntawm Disc.
1.4, cov kab mob carbon
Cov pa roj carbon carbon carbon compitic cov khoom yog ib hom khoom siv nrog carbon fiber ntxiv txhawb cov roj carbon matrix. Nws cov khoom sib txhuam tau zoo heev. Tsawg ntom ntom (steel xwb); Theem siab. Nws muaj cov cua sov ntau dua li cov khoom me me me thiab cov hlau; Kev siv kub kub siab; Tsis muaj deformation, adhesion tshwm sim. Kev khiav hauj lwm kub txog 200 ℃; Kev sib txhuam zoo heev thiab hnav ua tau zoo. Lub neej ntev. Kev sib txhuam coefficient yog ruaj khov thiab muaj ntsis thaum lub sij hawm braking. Carbon-carbon composite daim ntawv tau siv thawj zaug hauv cov tub rog. Nws yog tom qab tau txais los ntawm Cov Qauv 1 sib tw, uas yog daim ntawv thov ntawm cov pa roj carbon carbon carbon monage.
Carbon carbon composite txhuam cov khoom yog cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb nrog cov hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb lub zog thiab ntau lwm yam ntxwv. Txawm li cas los xij, carbon-carbon-carbon-carbon composite txhuam cov ntaub ntawv kuj muaj cov hauv qab no: kev sib txhuam coefficient tsis ruaj khov. Nws yog cuam tshuam heev los ntawm cov av noo;
Cov oxidation tsis kam (oxidation ocidation tshwm sim saum 50 ° C hauv huab cua). Kev yuav tsum tau ua rau ib puag ncig (qhuav, huv); Nws kim heev. Kev siv tau txwv rau cov teb tshwj xeeb. Qhov no kuj yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas limam cov roj carbon carbon cov roj teeb nyuaj rau kev txhawb nqa dav.
1.5, Ceramic tej daim
Raws li cov khoom tshiab hauv cov khoom sib txhuam. Ceramic nres ncoo muaj qhov zoo ntawm tsis muaj suab puam, tsis muaj xeb ntawm lub log, kev tiv thaiv ntev, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab lwm yam. Ceramic nres Pads tau tsim los ntawm Nyij Pooj nres Laub tuam txhab uas muag rau xyoo 1990. Maj mam dhau los ua tus tshiab darling ntawm lub khw muag khoom.
Cov neeg sawv cev raug sawv ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ceramic raws C / C-Sic Composites, uas yog, Carbon Carbide Matrix c / Sic Composites. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Stuttgart thiab German Kev Tshawb Fawb Ib Lub Tuam Txhab C / C-C-Sic Oak Ridge National Laboratory nrog honewell advanced compnites, honeywellairer m / Sic Compossite nres cov ntaub ntawv los txhim kho cov tsheb cam khwb cia los hloov cov tsheb cam khwb cia.
2, Cov pa roj carbon convosite nres ncoo zoo:
1, piv nrog cov tsoos grey cam khwb cia hlau nres hlau nres hlau nres, qhov hnyav ntawm cov roj carbon ntau yog txo qis los ntawm 60%, thiab cov tsis raug txo los ntawm ze li 23 kilograms;
2, tus brate txhuam coefficient muaj kev nce siab heev, qhov nres ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau nce ntxiv thiab cov nres nres tau raug txo qis;
3, lub tensile elongation ntawm cov khoom siv roj carbon ceramic ntau los ntawm 0.1% rau 0.3%, uas yog tus nqi heev rau cov khoom siv ceramic;
4, tus ceramic disc pedal xav tau yooj yim heev, tuaj yeem tsim qhov kev ua txhaum siab tshaj plaws hauv lub zog nres, yog li tsis tas yuav ua rau lub zog nres tsheb, thiab tsis muaj qhov luv dua thiab luv dua cov tsoos ua braking;
5, txhawm rau tawm tsam siab kub, muaj cov hluav taws kub hluav taws xob kub ntawm lub cav kauj vab thiab lub tsheb nres;
6, ceramic nres disc muaj kev siv lub zog extrabilary, yog tias kev siv lub neej hloov kev ua neej ntev, thiab dog dig hlau hlau nres tsheb yog feem ntau siv rau ob peb xyoos los hloov.
Lub sijhawm Post: Sep-08-2023